PA
Scientists in America have potentially found a link between low birth-weight babies and autism.
In a 27 year study of 862 low birth-weight (less than 4lb) babies born in New Jersey, researchers monitored the progress of the children from birth to 21.
Five per cent of the children were diagnosed with autism, compared to 1% of the general population.
Despite the findings, experts say more research is needed to further establish and understand the potential link.
Previously, low birth-weight babies have been noted to be more susceptible to motor and cognitive problems, but the authors of this new study claim this is the first time a link has been made to small babies and a greater risk of autism spectrum disorders.
The infants used in the research were born between September 1984 and July 1987 and all weighed between 0.5kg and 2kg. At the age of 16, 623 of the children were screened for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The 117 youngsters who were found to be positive were then re-screened at 21, with 11 then being diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder.
The researchers calculated from their findings an estimated prevalence rate of ASD of 31 out of 623 children, which is equal to 5%.
Jennifer Pinto-Martin, professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and director of the autism centre who conducted the research said: "Cognitive problems in these children may mask underlying autism.
"If there is suspicion of autism or a positive screening test for ASD, parents should seek an evaluation for an ASD. Early intervention improves long-term outcome and can help these children both at school and at home."
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